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Charaka Saṁhitā is one of the foundational texts of Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. Traditionally attributed to the sage Charaka, it is composed in Sanskrit and is considered a cornerstone of Ayurvedic theory and clinical practice. The work focuses primarily on internal medicine (Kāyacikitsā) and presents a comprehensive understanding of the human body, disease processes, diagnosis, and treatment from a holistic perspective.

The text explains the concepts of doṣas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), dhātus (tissues), malas (wastes), and agni (digestive fire), emphasizing that health is the result of balance among these fundamental principles. It describes causes of disease, signs and symptoms, methods of examination, and detailed therapeutic approaches including diet, lifestyle regulation, herbal preparations, and purification therapies. The physician’s duties, ethics, and qualities are also discussed, highlighting compassion, observation, and deep knowledge as essential traits.

Beyond physical medicine, Charaka Saṁhitā integrates philosophy and psychology, recognizing the influence of the mind, behavior, and environment on health and illness. It promotes preventive care through proper routines, seasonal practices, and mindful living. For centuries, this text has guided traditional healers, influenced later medical literature, and continues to be studied worldwide for its holistic and integrative vision of health and well-being.